MIRAC - Mid-Infrared Array Camera - History 1988 - 2020

MIRAC-1, 1988-1994, was built in 1988-89 as a collaboration of William Hoffmann at The University of Arizona (UA), Giovanni Fazio at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and Kandiah Shivanandan at the Naval Research Laboratory. It used a liquid helium cooled cryostat built by Infrared Labs and a Hughes 20x64 Si:As photoconductive 20 line readout array obtained from the Air Force Albuquerque Lab, the first device of this technology obtained for astronomy. The readout electronics were custom designed and built at SAO and the software was created by UA graduate student Joseph Hora. The camera was used primarily on the Steward Observatory 1.5-m and 2.3-m telescopes on Mt. Bigelow and Kitt Peak, respectively, and the NASA 3-m IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) on Mauna Kea in Hawaii for observations of solar system objects, young stellar objects, planetary nebulae, infrared-luminous galaxies, star forming regions, and brown dwarfs.

MIRAC-2, 1994-2000, was a collaboration of UA and SAO upgrading to a Rockwell 128x128 blocked impurity band (BIB) array, again one of the first in civilian hands. The upgrade was undertaken for NASA IRTF observations of the collision of the comet Shoemaker-Levy-9 with Jupiter in July 1994. It used the same cryostat and electronics with modifications, many carried out by the UA graduate student Aditya Dayal and with filters provided by Glenn Orton at JPL. Lynne Deutsch (NASA Ames, Boston University) contributed to creating scientific interest in using MIRAC across the astronomical community. Subsequently the camera was used mainly on the IRTF and UKIRT (United Kingdom Infrared Telescope) on Mauna Kea as a visitor instrument supporting programs of many astronomers for observations of planetary nebula, star forming regions, young stellar objects, the galactic center, infrared bright galaxies, QSO's, and a variety of solar system objects, including planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury) and comets (Shoemaker-Levy-9, Hyakutake, Swift-Tuttle, Giacobin-Zinner, LINEAR, Hale-Bopp, and Swift-Tuttle).

MIRAC-3, 2000-2008, underwent modifications of the cryostat and optics to interface with the newly ungraded MMT single 6.5-m mirror. The first observations and publication from the upgraded MMT were by a University of Illinois graduate student using MIRAC3 and Public Access Time. For this work MIRAC was mated to BLINC (BracewelL Infrared Nulling Cryostat created by Philip Hinz) and achieved early astronomical stellar nulling observations. It was used in three campaigns on the Magellan telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile contributing to two student thesis projects. Subsequently, MIRAC3 was used mainly at the MMT.

MIRAC-4, 2008-2011, represented a major change with a new, larger cryostat with mechanical pulse-tube cooling, rather than liquid helium, new electronics, a duplicate of the electronics built by Cornell University for the FORCAST instrument on NASA's SOFIA Airborne Observatory, and a new 256x256 Si:As BIB array from the DRS company (which inherited the technical group from Rockwell). It was the first infrared camera cryostat completely built at Steward Observatory and was used as a prototype for NIC (Nulling Infrared Camera) of Philip Hinz on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). MIRAC-4 was used for the first demonstration of fringes from the two LBT apertures and was used successfully on the MMT for two graduate student projects. Unfortunately the detector had a manufacturing flaw which resulted in image artifacts which limited its usefulness for astronomy. We gave up using this detector as did other astronomical groups in the United States and Europe. MIRAC became dormant for several years.

MIRAC-5, 2018- , has been reactivated as a laboratory test chamber for new mid-infrared Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride 1024x1024 arrays from Teledyne Imaging Systems utilizing a GeoSnap and an H1RG readout. This effort is led by Jarron Leisenring assisted by Katie Morzinski, both at Steward Observatory. Our next step is to reconfigure the instrument for astronomical observations on the MMT and Magellan Telescopes with one of these new arrays in a collaborative effort with Michael Meyer and Dani Atkinson at the University of Michigan.

• Shenoy, D. P., "A Study of Hypergiant Mass Loss in the Near-To-Mid Infrared: VY CMa, IRC +10420, mu Cep and rho Cas", 2016, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.
• Males, J. R., "Towards the Habitable Zone: Direct Imaging of Extrasolar Planets with the Magellan AO System", 2013, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Skemer, A., "HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION MID-INFRARED STUDIES OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS", 2011, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Biller, B. A., "A High Contrast Survey for Extrasolar Giant Planets with the Simultaneous Differential Imager (SDI)", 2007, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Liu, W. M., "Observations of intermediate mass stars and their circumstellar environments with nulling interferometry", 2007, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Mamajek, E. E., "Identification and characterization of young, nearby, solar-type stars", 2004, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Hinz, P. M., "Nulling interferometry for studying other planetary systems: Techniques and observations", 2001, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Marengo, M., "Mid-IR Observations and Modeling of Astrophysical Dust", 2000, Ph.D. Thesis, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste, Italy.
• Dayal, A., "A thermal-infrared and millimeter-wave study of evolved stars, and proto-planetary and planetary nebulae", 1997, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.
• Hora, J. L., "A New Mid-Infrared Camera for Ground-Based Astronomy and an Infrared Study of Planetary Nebulae.", 1991, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona.

• Gordon, M. S., Humphreys, R. M., Jones, T. J., Shenoy, D., Gehrz, R. D., Helton, L. A., Marengo, M., Hinz, P. M., and Hoffmann, W. F., "Searching for Cool Dust. II. Infrared Imaging of The OH/IR Supergiants, NML Cyg, VX Sgr, S Per, and the Normal Red Supergiants RS Per and T Per", 2018, AJ, 155, 212
• Fisher, B. M., Orton, G. S., Liu, J., Schneider, T., Ressler, M. E., and Hoffmann, W. F., "The organization of Jupiter's upper tropospheric temperature structure and its evolution, 1996-1997", 2016, Icar, 280, 268
• Shenoy, D., Humphreys, R. M., Jones, T. J., Marengo, M., Gehrz, R. D., Helton, L. A., Hoffmann, W. F., Skemer, A. J., and Hinz, P. M., "Searching for Cool Dust in the Mid-to-far Infrared: The Mass-loss Histories of the Hypergiants μ Cep, VY CMa, IRC+10420, and ρ Cas", 2016, AJ, 151, 51
• Males, J. R., Close, L. M., Skemer, A. J., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Marengo, M., "Four Decades of IRC +10216: Evolution of a Carbon-rich Dust Shell Resolved at 10 μm with MMT Adaptive Optics and MIRAC4", ApJ, 744, 133 (2012)
• Stencel, R. E., Kloppenborg, B. K., Wall, R. E., Jr., Hopkins, J. L., Howell, S. B., Hoard, D. W., Rayner, J., Bus, S., Tokunaga, A., Sitko, M. L., Bradford, S., Russell, R. W., Lynch, D. K., Hammel, H., Whitney, B., Orton, G., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Hora, J. L., Hinz, P., Hoffmann, W., Skemer, A., "Infrared Studies of Epsilon Aurigae in Eclipse", AJ, 142, 174 (2011)
• Skemer, A. J., Close, L. M., Greene, T. P., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Males, J. R., "Dust Grain Evolution in Spatially Resolved T Tauri Binaries", ApJ, 740, 43 (2011)
• Skemer, A. J., Close, L. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Greene, T. P., Males, J. R., Beck, T. L., "ISM Dust Grains and N-band Spectral Variability in the Spatially Resolved Subarcsecond Binary UY Aur", ApJ, 711, 1280 (2010)
• Skemer, A. J., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Close, L. M., Kendrew, S., Mathar, R. J., Stuik, R., Greene, T. P., Woodward, C. E., Kelley, M. S., "A Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Dispersion in N-band Spectra: Implications for Mid-IR Systems on ELTs", aoel.conf, 05019 (2010)
• Skemer, A. J., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Close, L. M., Kendrew, S., Mathar, R. J., Stuik, R., Greene, T. P., Woodward, C. E., Kelley, M. S., "A Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Dispersion in N-band Spectra: Implications for Mid-IR Systems on ELTs", PASP, 121, 897 (2009)
• Schuster, M. T., Marengo, M., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Humphreys, R. M., Gehrz, R. D., Hinz, P. M., Kenworthy, M. A., Hoffmann, W. F., "Imaging the Cool Hypergiant NML Cygni's Dusty Circumstellar Envelope with Adaptive Optics", ApJ, 699, 1423 (2009)
• Males, J., Close, L. M., Skemer, A. J., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Marengo, M., Greene, T. P., "Diffraction Limited Narrowband Mid-IR Imaging Of The Carbon Rich AGB Star IRC +10216 At The MMT", AAS, 214, 428.09 (2009)
• Skemer, A., Close, L., Hinz, P., Hoffmann, W., "A Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Refraction in N-band AO Spectra: Implications for Mid-IR Systems on ELTs", AAS, 214, 409.19 (2009)
• Skemer, A., Close, L., Hinz, P., Hoffmann, W., Males, J., Greene, T., "The First Spatially Resolved Mid-IR Spectra of Binaries with Adaptive Optics", AAS, 214, 230.05 (2009)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Miller, D., Kenworthy, M. A., "Observations of Main-Sequence Stars and Limits on Exozodical Dust with Nulling Interferometry", ApJ, 693, 1500 (2009)
• Orton, G. S., Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., Fisher, B. M., Friedson, A. J., Parrish, P. D., Nelson, J. F., Bauermeister, A. S., Fletcher, L., Gezari, D. Y., Varosi, F., Tokunaga, A. T., Caldwell, J., Baines, K. H., Hora, J. L., Ressler, M. E., Fujiyoshi, T., Fuse, T., Hagopian, H., Martin, T. Z., Bergstralh, J. T., Howett, C., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., van Cleve, J. E., Noe, E., Adams, J. D., Kassis, M., Tollestrup, E., "Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures", Natur, 453, 196 (2008)
• Skemer, A. J., Close, L. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Kenworthy, M. A., Miller, D. L., "Evidence for Misaligned Disks in the T Tauri Triple System: 10 μm Superresolution with MMTAO and Markov Chains", ApJ, 676, 1082-1087 (2008)
• Schuster, M. T., Marengo, M., Humphreys, R. M., Gehrz, R. D., Hinz, P., Hoffmann, W., Kenworthy, M., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., "Investigating the Circumstellar Environments of the Cool Hypergiants", AAS, 39, 65.02 (2007)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Miller, D., Kenworthy, M. A., "Observations of Herbig Ae Disks with Nulling Interferometry", ApJ, 658, 1164 (2007)
• Biller, B. A., Close, L. M., Li, A., Marengo, M., Bieging, J. H., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Miller, D., "Resolving the Dusty Circumstellar Structure of the Enigmatic Symbiotic Star CH Cygni with the MMT Adaptive Optics System", ApJ, 647, 464 (2006)
• Biller, B. A., Close, L. M., Li, A., Bieging, J. H., Hoffmann, W. F., Hinz, P. M., Miller, D., Brusa, G., Lloyd-Hart, M., Wildi, F., Potter, D., Oppenheimer, B. D., "High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Asymptotic Giant Branch Star RV Bootis with the Steward Observatory Adaptive Optics System", ApJ, 620, 450 (2005)
• Close, L. M., Biller, B., Hoffmann, W. F., Hinz, P. M., Bieging, J. H., Wildi, F., Lloyd-Hart, M., Brusa, G., Fisher, D., Miller, D., Angel, R., "Adaptive Optics Science with the MMT Adaptive Secondary: Mid-IR AO Imaging of the Post-AGB Star AC Her", sao..conf, 200592215, 253 (2005)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Miller, D., Kenworthy, M. A., "Resolved Mid-Infrared Emission around AB Aurigae and V892 Tauri with Adaptive Optics Nulling Interferometric Observations", ApJ, 618, L133 (2005)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., MMT Adaptive Optics Group, "Four Years of Nulling Interferometry: A Summary of Results Since PPIV", prpl.conf, 1286, 8564 (2005)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Miller, D., Kenworthy, M. A., "Adaptive Optics Nulling Interferometric Observations of AB Aur and V892 Tau: Resolved Disks in the Mid-IR", AAS, 36, 17.16 (2004)
• Mamajek, E. E., Meyer, M. R., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Cohen, M., Hora, J. L., "Constraining the Lifetime of Circumstellar Disks in the Terrestrial Planet Zone: A Mid-Infrared Survey of the 30 Myr old Tucana-Horologium Association", ApJ, 612, 496 (2004)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brusa, G., Wildi, F., Miller, D., Lloyd-Hart, M., Kenworthy, M. A., McGuire, P. C., Angel, J. R. P., "Adaptive Optics Nulling Interferometric Constraints on the Mid-Infrared Exozodiacal Dust Emission around Vega", ApJ, 610, L125 (2004)
• Biller, B. A., Close, L. M., Potter, D., Bieging, J. H., Hoffmann, W., Hinz, P., Oppenheimer, B. D., "The First Adaptive Optics High Resolution Mid-IR Imaging of Evolved Stars: Case Studies of RV Boo and AC Her", ASPC, 313, 82 (2004)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., "A Resolved Circumstellar Disk around the Herbig Ae Star HD 100546 in the Thermal Infrared", ApJ, 598, L111 (2003)
• Karovska, M., Marengo, M., Elvis, M., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Meyer, M., Mamajek, E., "Spatially Resolved Circumnuclear Dust in Centaurus A", ApJ, 598, L91 (2003)
• Liu, W. M., Hinz, P. M., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., "A Resolved Circumstellar Disk around the Herbig Ae Star HD 100546 in the Thermal Infrared", AAS, 35, 13.04 (2003)
• Close, L. M., Biller, B., Hoffmann, W. F., Hinz, P. M., Bieging, J. H., Wildi, F., Lloyd-Hart, M., Brusa, G., Fisher, D., Miller, D., Angel, R., "Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Star AC Herculis with the Multiple Mirror Telescope Adaptive Optics System", ApJ, 598, L35 (2003)
• Kraemer, K. E., Jackson, J. M., Kassis, M., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Simon, R., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Dayal, A., Bania, T. M., Clemens, D. P., Heyer, M. H., "Five Star-forming Cores in the Galactic Ring Survey: A Mid-Infrared Study", ApJ, 588, 918 (2003)
• Smith, N., Gehrz, R. D., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Mamajek, E. E., Meyer, M. R., "Mass and Kinetic Energy of the Homunculus Nebula around Eta Carinae", AJ, 125, 1458 (2003)
• Kassis, M., Deutsch, L. K., Campbell, M. F., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., "Mid-Infrared Observations of M17", AJ, 124, 1636 (2002)
• Smith, N., Gehrz, R. D., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Mamajek, E. E., Meyer, M. R., Hora, J. L., "A Disrupted Circumstellar Torus inside Eta Carinae's Homunculus Nebula", ApJ, 567, L77 (2002)
• Smith, N., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Gehrz, R. D., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., Hora, J. L., Davidson, K., Morse, J. A., "Peering Through the Homunculus in the Thermal IR: Complex Equatorial Structure Around Eta Carinae", AAS, 33, 135.02 (2001)
• Hinz, P. M., Meyer, M. R., Mamajek, E. E., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., "Detection of an Extended Dust Disk Around HD 100546 Using Nulling Interferometry", AAS, 33, 60.11 (2001)
• Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., "Constraints on Disk Sizes around Young Intermediate-Mass Stars: Nulling Interferometric Observations of Herbig Ae Objects", ApJ, 561, L131 (2001)
• Kraemer, K. E., Jackson, J. M., Deutsch, L. K., Kassis, M., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "Dust Characteristics of Massive Star-forming Sites in the Mid-Infrared", ApJ, 561, 282 (2001)
• Ueta, T., Speck, A. K., Meixner, M., Dayal, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., "Spatial Distributions of Multiple Dust Components in the PPN/PN Dust Shells", ASSL, 265, (2001)
• Ueta, T., Meixner, M., Hinz, P. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Brandner, W., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., "Subarcsecond Mid-Infrared Structure of the Dust Shell around IRAS 22272+5435", ApJ, 557, 831 (2001)
• Marengo, M., Karovska, M., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., "Mid-Infrared Observations of the Mira Circumstellar Environment", ApJ, 556, L47 (2001)
• Ueta, T., Meixner, M., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., "Discovery of an Extended Dust Emission around IRAS 18576+0341 (AFGL 2298) At 10.3 and 18.0 Microns: A New Luminous Blue Variable Candidate?", ApJ, 548, 1020 (2001)
• Meixner, M., Speck, A. K., Ueta, T., Knapp, G. R., Hoffmann, W. F., Hinz, P. M., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Deutsch, L. K., "Observations of Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Proto-Planetary Nebulae", AAS, 197, 06.13 (2000)
• Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Deutsch, L. K., Ladd, E. F., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deane, J., Sanders, D. B., "Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Warm Dust in W3 (Main)", AAS, 197, 05.17 (2000)
• Sprague, A. L., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J., Fazio, G. G., Ludwig, B., Emery, J., Hoffmann, W. F., "Mid-Infrared (8.1-12.5 μm) Imaging of Mercury", Icar, 147, 421 (2000)
• Marengo, M., Jayawardhana, R., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., "Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Massive Young Star AFGL 2591: Probing the Circumstellar Environment of an Outflow Source", ApJ, 541, L63 (2000)
• Smith, N., Jackson, J. M., Kraemer, K. E., Deutsch, L. K., Bolatto, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "Thermal Infrared Imaging of Ultracompact H II Regions in W49A", ApJ, 540, 316 (2000)
• Ueta, T., Meixner, M., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Hinz, P., "High Resolution Mid-Infrared Imaging of a Dust Torus around Proto- Planetary Nebulae", noao.prop, (2000)
• Hinz, P. M., Angel, J. R. P., Woolf, N. J., Hoffmann, W. F., McCarthy, D. W., "BLINC: a testbed for nulling interferometry in the thermal infrared", SPIE, 4006, 349 (2000)
• Deutsch, L. K., Kassis, M., Smith, N., Hora, J. L., Butner, H. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Dayal, A., "Wide-Field Thermal Imaging of the Orion Nebula at High Spatial Resolution", astro, arXiv:astro-ph/0007415 (2000)
• Campbell, M. F., Garland, C. A., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., "Narrowband Mid-Infrared Images and Models of the H II Complex G34.3+0.2", ApJ, 536, 816 (2000)
• Meixner, M., Ueta, T., Dayal, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Hrivnak, B. J., Skinner, C. J., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., "VizieR Online Data Catalog: A mid-IR survey of Proto-PNs Candidates (Meixner+, 1999)", yCat, 212, (2000)
• Ueta, T., Meixner, M., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Hinz, P., "High Resolution Mid-Infrared Imaging of Proto-Planetary Nebula Dust Shells", noao.prop, (2000)
• Marengo, M., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., "Mid-IR Imaging of AGB Circumstellar Envelopes", ASPC, 199, 91 (2000)
• Dayal, A., Latter, W. B., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Bieging, J. H., Deutsch, L. K., "The Mid-Infrared morphology of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027", AAS, 31, 110.02 (1999)
• Kassis, M., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "Large Field Mid-Infrared Imaging in M17.", AAS, 31, 79.14 (1999)
• Kraemer, K. E., Kassis, M., Jackson, J. M., Deutsch, L. K., Dayal, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Price, S. D., Egan, M. P., Carey, S. J., Kuchar, T. A., Mizuno, D. R., "Mid-Infrared Emission in PDRs: Ionized PAHs?", AAS, 31, 49.08 (1999)
• Fernandez, Y. R., Lisse, C. M., A'Hearn, M. F., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., "The Nuclei of Comets Giacobini-Zinner (21P) and LINEAR (C/1998 U5)", DPS, 31, 16.01 (1999)
• Lisse, C. M., Fernandez, Y. R., Kundu, A., A'Hearn, M. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., "The Nucleus of Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2)", Icar, 140, 189 (1999)
• Keto, E., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W., Deutsch, L., "A Super-Star Cluster in NGC 253: Mid-Infrared Properties", ApJ, 518, 183 (1999)
• Meixner, M., Ueta, T., Dayal, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Hrivnak, B. J., Skinner, C. J., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., "A Mid-infrared Imaging Survey of Proto-Planetary Nebula Candidates", ApJS, 122, 221 (1999)
• Kraemer, K. E., Deutsch, L. K., Jackson, J. M., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "The Mid-Infrared Properties of Three Star-forming Sites in NGC 6334", ApJ, 516, 817 (1999)
• Williams, L. P., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "The Circumstellar Environment of Herbig Ae/Be Stars at Mid-IR Wavelengths", AAS, 31, 69.08 (1999)
• Kraemer, K. E., Jackson, J. M., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "Ground- and Space-Based Mid-Infrared Observations of S140: ISO Spectroscopy and MIRAC Spectral Imaging", AAS, 31, 68.04 (1999)
• Hinz, P. M., Angel, J. R. P., Woolf, N. J., Hoffmann, W. F., McCarthy, D. W., Jr., "Imaging Extra-solar Systems from the Ground: The MMT and LBT Nulling Interferometers", ASPC, 194, 401 (1999)
• Meixner, M., Ueta, T., Dayal, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G., Hrivnak, B. J., Skinner, C. J., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., "A Mid-Infrared Imaging Survey of Proto-Planetary Nebulae Candidates", ASPC, 177, 366 (1999)
• Hinz, P. M., Angel, J. R. P., Hoffmann, W. F., McCarthy, D. W., Woolf, N. J., McGuire, P. C., "Refining Nulling Interferometry with the Old and New Multiple Mirror Telescope", AAS, 30, 97.12 (1998)
• Garland, C. A., Campbell, M. F., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., "Analysis of Narrow Band Mid-Infrared Images of the HII Complex G34.26+0.15", AAS, 30, 16.08 (1998)
• Hinz, P. M., Angel, J. R. P., Hoffmann, W. F., McCarthy, D. W., McGuire, P. C., Cheselka, M., Hora, J. L., Woolf, N. J., "Imaging circumstellar environments with a nulling interferometer", Natur, 395, 251 (1998)
• Orton, G. S., Fisher, B. M., Baines, K. H., Stewart, S. T., Friedson, A. J., Ortiz, J. L., Marinova, M., Ressler, M., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W., Hora, J., Hinkley, S., Krishnan, V., Masanovic, M., Tesic, J., Tziolas, A., Parija, K. C., "Characteristics of the Galileo probe entry site from Earth-based remote sensing observations", JGR, 103, 22791 (1998)
• Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Deutsch, L. K., Dayal, A., "MIRAC2: a mid-infrared array camera for astronomy", SPIE, 3354, 647 (1998)
• Hinz, P. M., Angel, J. R. P., Hoffmann, W. F., McCarthy, D. W., McGuire, P. C., Cheselka, M., Hora, J. L., Woolf, N. J., "First results of nulling interferometry with the Multiple-Mirror Telescope", SPIE, 3350, 439 (1998)
• Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., Bieging, J. H., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., "Mid-Infrared (8--21 Micron) Imaging of Proto--Planetary Nebulae", ApJ, 492, 603 (1998)
• Meixner, M., Ueta, Dayal, A., Bobrowsky, M., Hrivnak, B., Skinner, C., Hora, J., Deutsch, L., Hoffmann, W., Fazio, G., "The Morphology of Proto Planetary Nebulae Dustshells", IAUS, 191, (1998)
• Fernandez, Y. R., A'Hearn, M. F., Kundu, A., Lisse, C. M., Weaver, H. A., Dayal, A., Hanner, M. S., Ressler, M. E., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Kaufl, H. U., "Physical Properties of the Nucleus of Comet Hale-Bopp", AAS, 29, 72.10 (1997)
• Lisse, C. M., Fernandez, Y. R., A'Hearn, M. F., Kostiuk, T., Livengood, T. A., Kaufl, H. U., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Hanner, M. S., Ressler, M., "Infrared Observations of the Dust in Comet Hale-Bopp", AAS, 29, 72.05 (1997)
• Deutsch, L. K., Wargo, C. J., Williams, L. P., Lovell, A., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "Thermal Emission of Ceres and Vesta in the Mid-Infrared", AAS, 29, 71.04 (1997)
• Dayal, A., Sahai, R., Trauger, J., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Bieging, J. H., Deutsch, L. K., Latter, W. B., "Optical/Infrared Imaging and Modeling of Dust and Ionized Gas in the Planetary Nebulae M 4-18", AAS, 29, 15.09 (1997)
• Jackson, J. M., Kraemer, K. E., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "MIRAC2 Observations of the NGC 6334 Star Formation Region", AAS, 29, 06.09 (1997)
• Garland, C. A., Campbell, M. F., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Fazio, G. G., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., "Narrow Band Mid-Infrared Images of the HII Complex G34.26+0.15", AAS, 29, 06.01 (1997)
• Lisse, C. M., Fernandez, Y. R., A'Hearn, M. F., Kostiuk, T., Livengood, T. A., Kaufl, H. U., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Ressler, M. E., Hanner, M. S., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Peschke, S. B., Grün, E., Deutsch, L. K., "Infrared Observations Of Dust Emission From Comet Hale-Bopp", EM&P, 78, 251 (1997)
• Fernandez, Y. R., Lisse, C. M., Wellnitz, D. D., A'Hearn, M. F., Kundu, A., Buie, M. W., Dunham, E. W., Millis, R. L., Nye, R. A., Stansberry, J. A., Wasserman, L. H., Golden, M. E., Persson, M., Howell, R. R., Marcialis, R. L., Spitale, J. N., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hanner, M. S., Ressler, M., Kostiuk, T., Livengood, T. A., "Multiwavelength Observations of the Nucleus and Coma of Comet Hale-Bopp", DPS, 29, 37.05 (1997)
• Lisse, C. M., Fernandez, Y. R., A'Hearn, M. F., Kostiuk, T., Livengood, T. A., Kaufl, H. U., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Hanner, M. S., Ressler, M., "Infrared Observations of the Dust Emitted by Comet Hale-Bopp", DPS, 29, 32.05 (1997)
• Jayawardhana, R., Fazio, G., Eikenberry, S., Hughes, D., Hora, J., Hoffmann, W., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L., "Infrared imaging of the starburst galaxy NGC 7469", AIPC, 393, 303 (1997)
• Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., Bieging, J. H., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Meixner, M., Skinner, C. J., "Mid-infrared imaging of dust shells around young Planetary and Proto-Planetary Nebulae", IAUS, 180, 347 (1997)
• Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., "Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Bipolar Nebulae AFGL 618, AFGL 2688, and AFGL 915", AJ, 112, 2064 (1996)
• Walter, C. M., Marley, M. S., Hunten, D. M., Sprague, A. L., Wells, W. K., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., Sykes, M. V., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., "A Search for Seismic Waves from the Impact of the SL/9 R Fragment", Icar, 121, 341 (1996)
• Fernandez, Y. R., Lisse, C. M., Kundu, A., A'Hearn, M. F., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., "The Nucleus of Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2)", DPS, 28, 09.04 (1996)
• Orton, G., Ortiz, J. L., Baines, K., Bjoraker, G., Carsenty, U., Colas, F., Dayal, A., Deming, D., Drossart, P., Frappa, E., Friedson, J., Goguen, J., Golisch, W., Griep, D., Hernandez, C., Hoffmann, W., Jennings, D., Kaminski, C., Kuhn, J., Laques, P., Limaye, S., Lin, H., Lecacheux, J., Martin, T., McCabe, G., Momary, T., Parker, D., Puetter, R., Ressler, M., Reyes, G., Sada, P., Spencer, J., Spitale, J., Stewart, S., Varsik, J., Warell, J., Wild, W., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Fazio, G., Hora, J., Deutsch, L., "Earth-Based Observations of the Galileo Probe Entry Site", Sci, 272, 839 (1996)
• Fernandez, Y. R., Lisse, C. M., Kundu, A., A'Hearn, M. F., Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., "Imaging of the Nucleus of Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)", AAS, 28, 62.04 (1996)
• Dayal, A., Hoffmann, W. F., Bieging, J. H., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., "Mid-IR imaging of the warm dust emission from the young proto-planetary nebula IRAS 07134+1005", AAS, 27, 44.11 (1995)
• Orton, G., Friedson, J., Ressler, M., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Bock, J., Koerner, D., Ortiz, J. L., Matthews, K., Robertson, D., Spitale, J., Parija, K., Lim, K., Wong, F., Spencer, J., Hoffmann, W., Dayal, A., Hora, J., Hayward, T., Vancleve, J., "Thermal and Cloud Properties of Jupiter on the Eve of the Galileo Mission", DPS, 27, 28.05 (1995)
• Orton, G., A'Hearn, M., Baines, K., Deming, D., Dowling, T., Goguen, J., Griffith, C., Hammel, H., Hoffmann, W., Hunten, D., Jewitt, D., Kostiuk, T., Miller, S., Noll, K., Zahnle, K., Achilleos, N., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L., Espenak, F., Esterle, P., Friedson, J., Fast, K., Harrington, J., Hora, J., Joseph, R., Kelly, D., Knacke, R., Lacy, J., Lisse, C., Rayner, J., Sprague, A., Shure, M., Wells, K., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Zipoy, D., Bjoraker, G., Buhl, D., Golisch, W., Griep, D., Kaminski, C., Arden, C., Chaikin, A., Goldstein, J., Gilmore, D., Fazio, G., Kanamori, T., Lam, H., Livengood, T., MacLow, M.-M., Marley, M., Momary, T., Robertson, D., Romani, P., Spitale, J., Sykes, M., Tennyson, J., Wellnitz, D., Ying, S. W., "Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter Observed by the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility", Sci, 267, 1277 (1995)
• Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., "The mid-infrared structure of the bipolar nebulae AFGL 915, AFGL 618, and AFGL 2688", Ap&SS, 224, 361 (1995)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Butner, H. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., "Extended Structures around YSO in Mid-Infrared Broad Emission Features", Ap&SS, 224, 89 (1995)
• Friedson, A. J., Hoffmann, W. F., Goguen, J. D., Deutsch, L. K., Orton, G. S., Hora, J. L., Dayal, A., Spitale, J. N., Wells, W. K., Fazio, G. G., "Thermal infrared lightcurves of the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragment R", GeoRL, 22, 1569 (1995)
• Deutsch L.K., Hora J.L., Hoffmann W.F., Fazio G.G., Shivanandan K. "Solar System Observations with MIRAC" In: McLean I.S. (eds) Infrared Astronomy with Arrays. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 190. Springer, Dordrecht, (1994)
• Deutsch, L. K., Iyengar, M. A., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Butner, H. M., Fazio, G. G., "Mid-IR Spectral Features of Young Stars in the BD+40 4124 Region", AAS, 26, 84.16 (1994)
• Hunten, D. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Sprague, A. L., "Jovian seismic waves and their detection", GeoRL, 21, 1091 (1994)
• Orton, G., Friedson, J., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Baines, K., Hoffmann, W., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L., Fazio, G., Hora, J., Hammel, H., Harrington, J., "Jovian Atmosphere Structure Investigation in the NASA IRTF SL9 Campaign", DPS, 26, 03.05 (1994)
• Orton, G., Baines, K., Friedson, J., Goguen, J., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., A'Hearn, M., Esterle, P., Lisse, C., Weaver, H., Wellnitz, D., Hoffmann, W., Hunten, D., Dayal, A., Sprague, A., Sykes, M., Wells, K., Marley, M., Fazio, G., Deutsch, L., Hora, J., Jewitt, D., Joseph, R., Deming, D., Kostiuk, T., Bjoraker, G., Fast, K., Livengood, T., Zipoy, D., Griffith, C., Dowling, T., Hammel, H., Harrington, J., Kelly, D., Lacy, J., Noll, K., Knacke, R., Miller, S., Zahnle, K., Mac Low, M.-M., "The NASA/IRTF SL9 Observing Campaign", DPS, 26, 02.19 (1994)
• Marley, M. S., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Hunten, D. M., Sprague, A. L., Sykes, M. V., Walter, C., Wells, K. W., "A Search for Seismic Waves Launched by the Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy/9", DPS, 26, 02.13 (1994)
• Harrington, J., Dowling, T. E., Hammel, H. B., Mills, J. R., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Wells, K., Sprague, A., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., Baines, K. H., Friedson, A. J., Orton, G. S., Yanamandra-Ficher, P. A., "IRTF and HST Observations of the Dynamic Response of Jupiter's Atmosphere to the Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9", DPS, 26, 02.10 (1994)
• Friedson, A. J., Goguen, J. D., Orton, G. S., Hoffmann, W. F., Dayal, A., Deutsch, L. K., Wells, W. K., Hora, J. L., Spitale, J. N., Fazio, G. G., "Thermal Infrared Observations of the Impact of Fragment R at the IRTF", DPS, 26, 02.05 (1994)
• Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., "Astronomical observations with the Mid-Infrared Array Camera, MIRAC", InPhT, 35, 175 (1994)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Solar system observations with MIRAC", ExA, 3, 157 (1994)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Solar System Observations With MIRAC", ASSL, 190, 317 (1994)
• Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., "MIRAC: a mid-infrared array camera for astronomy", SPIE, 1946, 449 (1993)
• Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Near- and mid-infrared imaging of the planetary nebulae BD +30°3639 and IC 418", ApJ, 413, 304 (1993)
• Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., Hoffmann, W., Friedson, A. J., Orton, G. S., Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "1993 SEB Revival: Expansion Phase", DPS, 25, 03.02 (1993)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "The Morphology of MID-Infrared UIR Feature Emission in the PPN M 2-9 and IRAS 21282+5050", IAUS, 155, 344 (1993)
• Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Near and Mid-Infrared Imaging of the PN IC 418", IAUS, 155, 210 (1993)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hoffmann, W. F., Hora, J. L., Regester, J. R., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Periodic Comet Swift-Tuttle (1992t)", IAUC, 5675, 1 (1992)
• Deutsch, L. K., Butner, H. M., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Investigating the Circumstellar Environments of YSOs Through Mid-IR Imaging", AAS, 24, 103.03 (1992)
• Hora, J. L., Deutsch, L. K., Butner, H. M., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., Shivanandan, K., "Nova Cygni 1992", IAUC, 5545, 1 (1992)
• Deutsch, L. K., Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Fazio, G. G., "Temperature Structure and Spactial Distribution of Mid-Infrared Emission for Three Proto-Planetary Nebulae", BAAS, 22, 1250 (1990)
• Hora, J. L., Hoffmann, W. F., Deutsch, L. K., Fazio, G. G., "High-resolution 8-13 micron imaging of the planetary nebulae BD +30°3639 and NGC 6572", ApJ, 353, 549 (1990)

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